总结我国生态农业的起源和常用技术和特点，着重介绍我国在景观、生态系统、群落、种群、个体和基因等不同生物层次上的生态农业模式的基础上，分析了中药生态农业的背景及现状，提出了中药生态农业的发展思路及重点任务，包括：①全国中药材生产格局分析及规划;②区域中药农业典型特征提取;③各区域典型中药材与根际土壤微生物互作规律及机制研究;④中药材生态种植技术研究;⑤中药生态种植模式提取及固化;⑥中药生态农业理论研究。文章指出中药材GAP与中药生态农业既有区别，又有联系，二者各有特点，但并不矛盾。在中药材GAP生产中，大力推广生态种植，促进生态与经济两者之间的协调和统一，是中药材GAP发展的必然趋势。
[关键词] 生态农业; GAP; 中药材; 种植; 生态经济学
Ecological agriculture： future of Good Agriculture Practice of
Chinese materia medica
GUO Lan-ping， ZHOU Liang-yun， MO Ge， WANG Sheng， HUANG Lu-qi*
（State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs， National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica，
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， Beijing 100700， China）
[Abstract] Based on the ecological and economic problems in Good Agriculture Practice （GAP） of Chinese material medica， we introduced the origin， concept， features and operative technology of eco-agriculture worldwide， emphasizing its modes on different biological levels of landscape， ecosystem， community， population， individual and gene in China. And on this basis， we analyzed the background and current situation of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica， and proposed its development ideas and key tasks， including： ①Analysis and planning of the production pattern of Chinese material medica national wide. ②Typical features extraction of regional agriculture of Chinese materia medica. ③ Investigation of the interaction and its mechanism between typical Chinese materia medica in each region and the micro-ecology of rhizosphere soil. ④ Study on technology of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. ⑤ Extraction and solidification of eco-agriculture modes of Chinese materia medica. ⑥ Study on the theory of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. Also we pointed out that GAP and eco-agriculture of Chinese material medica are both different and relative， but they are not contradictory with their own features. It is an irresistible trend to promote eco-agriculture in the GAP of Chinese material medica and coordinate ecological and economic development.
[Key words] ecological agriculture（eco-agriculture）; GAP; Chinese materia medica; cultivation; ecological economics
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20151707
现代农业生产中大量使用化肥与农药，不但造成农产品质量及安全性下降，也造成土壤和水源污染，导致农田蚯蚓等有益生物及微生物数量急剧下降，大规模的单一机械化种植，加剧了土壤恶化的程度，使资源与环境问题不断凸显。全球环境恶化、食品安全隐患成为当今最严重的问题，引发人们对建立在化肥与农药基础上高投资、高能耗的化学农业的反思，并由此产生了生态农业（ecological agriculture）的思潮，继而在农学、生态学、资源学、环境毒理学等相关学科中迅速发展。